载钛活性炭纤维的制备及其对水中罗丹明B的光催化降解

通过溶胶凝胶法制备载钛活性炭纤维(TiO2-ACF)复合材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对TiO2-ACF进行了表征,并研究了TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的光催化性能.结果表明,煅烧温度为400—600℃时,负载在ACF上的TiO2为锐钛矿型,当煅烧温度上升到700℃时,TiO2开始出现金红石型,600℃时煅烧制备的TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的降解效果最佳;TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的吸附能力比ACF低;但是在紫外光条件下,60 min后TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的降解率比ACF、TiO2对罗丹明B的降解率分别高8.6%和16.2%,TiO2-ACF表现出较高的光催化活性.     

淀粉/凹凸棒粘土复合吸附絮凝材料的研究

采用接枝聚合法在硅烷化凹凸棒粘土(OATP)表面接枝淀粉,制备淀粉/凹凸棒粘土(ATP)复合吸附絮凝材料.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对淀粉/ATP进行了表征,并对其制备条件进行了优化.结果表明,当淀粉质量分数(相对OATP质量)为100%,聚合反应时间为3 h,引发剂质量分数为0.003%,反应温度为60℃时,制备的淀粉/ATP对镉离子的最大吸附容量可达到36.78 mg/g.与ATP、OATP相比,淀粉/ATP对镉离子的吸附容量增大了2倍以上.复合材料具有比OATP更强的捕获能力,所形成的絮凝体大而密实,比淀粉絮凝剂具有更好的沉降性能.     

在用机动车环保管理——《2013年中国机动车污染防治年报》（第Ⅳ部分）

环境保护部日前发布《2013年中国机动车污染防治年报》,公布了2012年全国机动车污染排放状况。本期“研究成果展示”专栏以六篇形式连载。本文刊载关于在用机动车环保管理的内容,以飨读者。该年报指出,2012年,全国参加环保定期检验的汽车共有5561．7万辆,占全国汽车保有量的51．3％。天津、重庆、等61个城市汽车环保定期检验率达到80％以上。截至2012年底,全国累计核发环保检验合格标志5981．3万枚,标志发放率达到55．2％。天津市、长春、南京、杭州等32个城市机动车环保检验合格标志发放率达到90％以上。截至2012年底,北京、重庆、天津、辽宁、江苏、内蒙古、陕西、山西、安徽、四川10省（自治区、直辖市）环境保护部门成立了专门的省级机动车环保监管机构;长春、南京、青岛等84个城市组建了相应的市级机动车环保监管机构,与2010年相比、全国共增加机动车专职监管机构27个。2012年,天津市、河北省、四川省政府出台了省级机动车污染防治管理办法;呼和浩特市人大通过了机动车污染防治条例;邢台、晋城、佳木斯等市政府出台了机动车污染防治政府规章。     

新生产机动车环保管理——（2013年中国机动车污染防治年报》（第Ⅲ部分）

环境保护部日前发布（（2013年中国机动车污染防治年报》,公布了2012年全国机动车污染排放状况。本期“研究成果展示”专栏以六篇形式连载。本文刊载中国新生产机动车环保管理的内容,以飨读者。该年报指出,我国对新生产机动车开展的环保管理,主要通过制定和实施国家机动车污染物排放标准,从设计、定型、批量生产、销售等环节加强环境监管,保证机动车能够稳定达到排放标准的要求。新生产机动车的环保管理是从源头预防和控制机动车污染物排放的重要手段。2012年,全国共有24626个机动车型（含发动机型）通过环保型式核准,达到国家机动车排放标准要求。2012年,共有651家机动车生产企业向环境保护部门提交了5581份环保生产一致性保证计划书。共有750家机动车生产企业提交了环保生产一致性季度报告和年度实施情况报告。     

水体中MC-LR的高效液相色谱检测前处理条件优化

通过正交实验设计,对水体中MC-LR前处理过程中SPE柱的选择、水样pH值、洗脱液有机相浓度、酸度和体积等关键因素进行综合分析,得出最优前处理方案。通过精密度和加标回收实验,得出该方法精密度为4.81%,加标回收率为98.96%。     

Trace phthalate and adipate esters contaminated in packaged food

A method for trace analysis of two plasticizers, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), contaminated in packaged curry paste were investigated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Curry paste samples were extracted by ultrasonic and solid phase extraction using Florisil® cartridge. Analysis by the GC-FID system provided limits of detection for DEHA and DEHP at 12 and 25 μ g L^{? 1} and a linear dynamic range between 25 μ g L^{? 1} to 60 mg L^{? 1} with a coefficient of determination (R²) greater than 0.99. High recoveries were obtained, ranged from 91 to 99% and 88 to 98% for DEHP and DEHA with RSD lower than 7 and 10% respectively. The method detection limit and limits of quantitation were ranged from 27 to 30 and 90 to 100 μ g L^{? 1}. The analysis of curry paste samples showed concentrations of DEHP and DEHA in the range of 4.0 ng g^{? 1} to 0.61 μg g^{? 1}.     

Loblolly pine response to wet-weather harvesting on wet flats after 5 years

The timing of forestry operations relative to weather conditions is a consideration in applying Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs). Harvesting during different seasons can result in degrees of soil disturbance, the distribution of logging debris, and potentially future stand productivity. The purpose of this study is to examine the response of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands after wet- and dry-weather harvesting combined with three site preparation treatments. A 20 × 20 meter grid was established in fifteen 20-year-old, 3.3-ha loblolly pine plantations in South Carolina. A census of soil physical disturbance and slash distribution was made after harvesting. Growth was measured on 1/125th-ha plots at ages two and five. Dry-weather harvested (DWH) sites were 91% undisturbed, and 9% compressed. Wet-weather harvested (WWH) sites were 41% undisturbed, and 59% disturbed. WWH sites averaged 9% bare soil, while DWH sites averaged 16% with 1 kg m^-2 less logging residue; primarily in the form of heavy and light slash. At age five, the green-weight biomass of flat-planted DWH and WWH sites were 13.3 and 12.6 kg tree^-1 respectively, and on the bedded DWH and WWH sites were 18.6 and 22.8 kg tree^-1. Wet weather harvesting did not seem to adversely affect stand growth, and may have improved it. Due to a prolonged drought, bedding had a larger effect on WWH sites than DWH harvested sites. The effects of droughty conditions may be influencing treatment response on these highly productive sites; however, the long-term effects of harvesting on stand growth remain to be seen.     

城市重大事故应急演习方法研究---演习目标及其评价准则

应急演习是城市开展重大事故应急准备过程的主要任务之一,应急演习目标是检查演习效果,评价应急组织、人员应急准备状态和能力的指标.本文介绍了可供选择的十八项演习目标和各项目标的评价准则,同时介绍了分组选择演习目标的方法.     

纳米二氧化钛粉体的制备及对染料脱色的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法、水热沉淀法、水解法制备了纳米二氧化钛粉体。经XRD对三种方法制得粉体进行了表征,讨论了三种方法的优缺点。以水解法制得二氧化钛粉对六种染料进行了脱色研究,结果表明其有良好的光催化脱色性能。     

Shifting cultivation in peatlands

Transboundary haze pollution from smoke from land preparation fires has become a perennial problem in Indonesia, especially in the last 10 years during the dry season. Most of that smoke originates from illegal land preparation fires for oil palm and industrial forest plantation as well as from shifting cultivation, which is usually blamed for the smoke. In order to understand the role of fire in shifting cultivation areas dominated by peat soils, research was conducted during the dry season of 2001 on land belonging to the community of Pelalawan village, Pelalawan district, Riau province, Indonesia. The research showed that burning did not affect all peat areas equally. No peat was burned on a fibric site, while burning on a hemic site varied in depth from 6.0 cm to 12.6 cm, and on a sapric site from 15.4 cm to 31.9 cm. Further, on the fibric site only phosphorus increased significantly following burning, while on the hemic only the base saturation increased; on the sapric site, however, both base saturation and phosphorus increased compared to the condition before burning. These data show that if fire is continues to be used for land preparation in peat areas, peat becomes critically endangered.